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A telescope is an instrument that makes distant objects appear magn ified by using an arrangement of lenses , mirrors , or a combination of both . Telesc opes are powerful tools that have contributed greatly to our understanding of the universe . The word “ tel esc ope ” was first used in 16 11 by the Italian astronomer Galileo Galile i , who built one of the first ref ract ing telescopes . The history of the telescope began with ancient observations of the night sky . Early astronomers working without telescopes simply looked up at the stars and planets and tried to make sense of what they saw . One early way to study the heavens was through something called naked - eye astronomy , which is basically just observing celestial bodies with your un a ided eyes . Around 16 08 , a Dutch spectacle - maker named Hans L ippers hey applied for a patent on a new inven

Queen Elizabeth II was born on April 21 , 1926 at 17 Brut on Street in London as the first child of the Duke and Duchess of York , later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth . She was baptized by the Archbishop of Canterbury , Cos mo Lang . Princess Elizabeth 's early life was spent between the royal residences at 145 Pic c ad illy and Royal Lodge , Windsor . In December 1936 , her grandfather , King George V , died and her father acc eded to the throne as Edward VIII . From that moment on she became heir presumptive to the British throne . In May 1940 The Princess es remained at Buckingham Palace during The Blitz while their father and mother toured the country inspecting bomb damage . On 6 September 19 40 , they made their first joint public appearance on a balcony in London waving to crowds below who had gathered to show their solidarity during